I need two things, first and foremost. More shall certainly crop up as I progress.

1. Firstly, I need a way to roll a random number in a certain range - for instance, pick a random number between 1 and 100.
Something along the lines of <<set $number random(0,100)>>, but that doesn't work since it's just my garbage code of course. xD
2. Secondly, I need a way to say "if the resulting number is between, say, 1 and 10, show this Passage".
I cannot for the life of me figure out how to do this.
Comments
http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_obj_math.asp
<<set $number = Math.floor((Math.random()*10)+1)>>
<<if $number lte 5>>
<<display "passage">>
<<else>>
<<display "Other Passage">>
<<endif>>
Good luck!
Mine shows one passage for numbers between 1-5, and another passage for numbers between 6-10, the possible numbers.
The first conditional branch states, "If the number is less than or equal to 5." That's 1-5. The second states, "Otherwise . . ." That's 6-10.
Here's how I personally would handle a conditional branch with more than two entries (though Prim's example certainly works just as well, through it requires several "endif" tags): See attached is a story file.